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Peng-Sheng Chen, M.D.
Professor of Medicine, Division Director; Medtronic Zipes Chair in Cardiology

Office:
Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Room E475
1801 N. Senate Blvd., Suite E400
Indianapolis , IN 46202-1228

Phone:  (317) 962-0145
E-mail:  chenpp@iupui.edu
 
Bio CV Accomplishments

Awards & Honors:

Medtronic-Zipes Chair in Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2007

National Institute of Health R01 HL 71140 Autonomic Nerve Activity and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation 2007 - 2011

Heart Rhythm Society Douglas Zipes Lectureship Award, Boston, 2006

Japanese Heart Rhythm Society and ECG Society Kimura Special Lecture, Tokyo, 2006

National Institutes of Health RO1 HL 78932 Fibrillation and Defibrillation 2005-2011

Member, United States Delegation, Joint US-Russia Symposium on New Developments in Cardiac Arrhythmias, Sponsored by NHLBI and the Russian Cardiology Research Center. St Petersburg, Russia, September 19, 2003.

Special Lecturer, Opening Plenary Session of Formosa Medical Association Annual Meeting, Nov 6, 2002, Taipei, Taiwan

Pauline and Harold Price Chair in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 1998

Membership, American Society for Clinical Investigation, 1998

First Place, Young Investigator Award Competition, 1990, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology

Selected Publications:

Shinohara T, Shen MJ, Han S, Maruyama M, Park H-W, Fishbein MC, Chen P-S, Lin S-F. Heart failure decreases nerve activity in the right atrial ganglionated plexus. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012 Apr;23(4)404-12. PMID 22035201. PMCID PMC3331905

Shinohara T, Maruyama M, Han S, Chua S-K, Shen M-J, Chen P-S, Lin S-F: Selective sinoatrial node optical mapping and the mechanism of sinus rate acceleration. Circ J. 2012;76(2)309-16. Epub ahead of print. PMID 22094913, NIHMSID 359128

Han S, Kobayashi K, Joung B, Piccirrillo G, Maruyama M, Vinters HV, March K, Lin S-F, Shen C, Fishbein MC, Chen P-S, Chen LS. Electroanatomical Remodeling of the left Stellate Ganglion after Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012 59: 954-961. NIHMS356799, Publ.ID: JAC17432. PMID 22381432

Choi E-K, Chang P-C, Lee Y-S, Lin S-F, Wuqiang Z, Maruyama M, Fishbein MC, Chen Z, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Field LJ, Chen P-S: Triggered Firing and Atrial Fibrillation in Transgenic Mice with Selective Atrial Fibrosis induced by Overexpression of TGF-β1. Circ J 2012;76:1354-62. PMID 22447020.

Lee YS, Maruyama M, Chang P-C, Park HW, Rhee K-S, Hsieh Y-C, Hsueh C-H, Shen C, Lin S-F, Hwang HS, Knollmann BC, Chen P-S. Ryanodine receptor inhibition potentiates the activity of Na channel blockers against spontaneous calcium elevations and delayed afterdepolarizations in Langendorff-perfused ventricles. Heart Rhythm 2012 Jul;9(7):1125-32 PMID: 22387372, NIHMSID# 372875

Munger TM, Dong Y-X, Masaki M, Oh JK, Mankad SV, Borlaug BA, Asirvatham SJ, Shen W-K, Lee H-C, Bielinski SJ, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Yang Y-Z, Zhang Y, Chen P-S, Packer, DL, Cha Y-M. Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic characteristics associated with atrial fibrillation in obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012 (Epub 2012 June 20), 2012 Aug 28;60(9):851-60. PMID 2276633.

Park H-W, Shen MJ, Han S, Shinohara T, Maruyama M, Lee Y-S, Shen C, Hwang C, Chen LS, Fishbein MC, Lin S-F, Chen P-S. Neural Control of Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Dogs with Pacing Induced Sustained Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5:571-580. . PMID 22586260. PMCID PMC3405983

Tang L, Joung B, Ogawa M, Chen P-S, Lin S-F: Intracellular calcium dynamics, shortened action potential duration and late-phase 3 early afterdepolarization in langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol (Epub, in press, 2012), 2012 Dec;23(12):1364-71. PMID 22809087. PMCID PMC3479328

Piccirillo G, Magri D, Pappada MA, Ogawa M, Han S, Joung B, Rossi P, Nguyen BL, Lin S-F, Chen P-S. Autonomic Nerve Activity and the Short Term Variability of Tpeak – Tend Interval in Dogs with Pacing-Induced Heart Failure. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:2044-50. PMID 2306368

Maryuma M, Xiao J, Zhou Q, Vembaiyan K, Chua S-K, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Lin S-F, Back TG, Chen W, Chen, P-S: Carvedilol Analogue Inhibits Triggered Activities Evoked by Both Early and Delayed Afterdepolarization. Heart Rhythm. 2013 Jan;10(1):101-107. PMID 22982970. PMCID PMC35348

Onkka P, Maskoun W, Rhee K-S, Hellyer, J, Patel J, Tan J, Chen LS, Vinters HV, Fishbein MC, Chen PS: Sympathetic nerve fibers and ganglia in canine cervical vagus nerves: localization and quantitation. Heart Rhythm. 2012 Dec 11. Pil: S1547-5271(12)01449-X. PMID 23246597.

Li D, Liu Y, Maruyama M, Zhu W, Chen H, Zhang W, Reuter S, Lin S-F, Haneline LS, Field L, Chen P-S, Shou W. Restrictive loss of Plakoglobin in cardiomyocytes leads to Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet. 2011;20(23):4582-96. Epub 2011 August 31. PMID 21880664. PMCID PMC3209829 (available 2012/12/1)

Joung B, Hwang HJ, Pak H-N, Lee M-H, Shen C, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Abnormal response of superior sinoatrial node to sympathetic stimulation is a characteristic finding in patients with atrial fibrillation and symptomatic bradycardia. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011 Dec;4(6):799-807. Epub 2011 Oct 17. PMID 22007035 , PMCID PMC3247651

Numata A, Miyauchi Y, Ono N, Fishbein MC, Mandel WJ, Lin SF, Weiss JN, Chen P-S, Karagueuzian HS. Spontaneous atrial fibrillation initiated by tyramine in canine atria with increased sympathetic nerve sprouting. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011 Oct 28. PMID 22034958

Maruyama M, Lin S-F, Xie Y, Chua S-K, Joung B, Han S, Shinohara T, Shen MJ, Qu Z, Weiss JN, Chen P-S: Genesis of phase-3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in acquired long QT syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:103-11, PMID: 21078812, NIHMSID 272890, PMCID PMC3045276

Joung B, Zhang H, Shinohara T, Maruyama M, Han S, Kim D, Choi E-K, On Y-K, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Delayed afterdepolarization in intact canine sinoatrial node as a novel mechanism for atrial arrhythmia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2011;22:448-54 NIHMSID #233162, PMID 21040091, PMID 21118728. PMCID PMC3077449

Shen MJ, Choi EK, Tan AY, Han S, Shinohara T, Maruyama M, Chen LS, Shen C, Hwang C, Lin SF, Chen PS. Patterns of baseline autonomic nerve activity and the development of pacing-induced sustained atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8:583-589, PMID 21118728. PMCID: PMC3065927

Joung B, Park H-W, Maruyama M, Tang L, Song J, Han S, Piccirillo G, Weiss JN, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Intracellular calcium and the mechanism of anodal supernormal excitability in Langendorff perfused rabbit ventricles. Circ J; 2011;75:834-43, PMID 21301131, NIHMSID 377697, PMCID PMC3366454.

Maruyama M, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Alternans of diastolic intracellular calcium elevation as the mechanism of bidirectional ventricular tachycardia in a rabbit model of Andersen-Tawil syndrome. Heart Rhythm (Epub), 2011, NIHMS 259333, PMID 21167318, PMCID PMC3065532.

Chua S-K, Chang P-C, Maruyama M, Turker I, Shinohara T, Shen MJ, Chen Z, Shen C, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Lopshire JC, Ogawa M, Weiss JN, Lin S-F, Ai T, Chen P-S: Small conductance calcium activated potassium channel and recurrent ventricular fibrillation in failing rabbit ventricles. Circ Res 2011;108:971-979, PMID 21350217. PMCID PMC3086382 (available on 2012/4/15)

Maruyama M, Li B-Y, Chen H, Xu X, Song L-S, Zhu W, Yong W, Zhang W, Bu G-X, Lin S-F, Fishbein MC, Lederer WJ, Schild JH, Field LJ, Rubart M, Chen P-S, Shou W: FKBP12 is a critical regulator of the heart rhythm and the cardiac voltage-gated sodium current in mice. Circ Res 2011;108:1042-52. PMID 21372286. PMCID 3092589: PMCID: PMC3092589 (available on 2012/4/29)

Cha, Y-M, Chareonthaitawee, P, Don’t Y-X, Kemp BJ, Yong-Mei Cha. Oh JK, Miyazaki C, Hayes DL, Rea RF, Asirvathan SJ, Webster TL, Dalzell CM, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Yong Y-Z, Zhang Y, Chen P-S. Cardiac sympathetic reserve and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circ Heart Failure, 2011, 4:339-44. PMID 21421772

Shen MJ, Shinohara T, Park H-W, Frick K, Ice DS, Choi E-K, Han S, Maruyama M, Sharma R, Shen C, Fishbein MC, Chen LS, Lopshire JC, Zipes DP, Lin S-F, Chen P-S. Continuous low-level vagus nerve stimulation reduces stellate ganglion nerve activity and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias in ambulatory canines. Circulation 2011;123:2204-2212. PMID 21555706, PMCID: PMC 3101282

Swaminathan1 PD, Purohit A, Soni S, Voigt N, Singh MV, Glukhov AV, Gao Z, He JB, Luczak1 ED, Joiner M-L, Kutschke W, Yang J, Donahue JK, Weiss RM, Grumbach IM, Ogawa M, Chen P-S, Efimov I, Dobrev D, Mohler PJ, Hund TJ, Anderson ME. Oxidized CaMKII causes sinus node dysfunction in mice. J Clin Invest 2011;121: 3277-88. PMID 21785215, PMCID: PMC 3223923

Quinn TA, Granite S, Allessie MA, Antzelevitch C, Bollensdorf C, Bub G, Burton RAB, Cerbai E, Chen P-S, Delmar M, DiFrancesco D, Eam YE, Efimov IR, Egger M, Entcheva E, Fink M, Fischmeister R, Franz MR, Gamy A, Giles WR, Hannes T, Harding SE, Hunter PJ, Iribe G, Jalife J, Johnson CR, Kass RS, Kodama I, Koren G, Lord P, Markhasin VS, Matsuoka S, McCulloch AD, Mirams GR, Morley GE, Nattel S, Noble D, Olesen SP, Panfilov AV, Trayanova NA, Ravens U, Richard S, Rosenbaum DS, Rudy Y, Sachs F, Sachse FB, Saint DA, Schotten U, Soloyova O, Taggart P, Tung L, Varro A, Volders PG, Wang K, Weiss JN, White E, Wilders R, Winslow RL, Kohl P. Minimum Information about a Cardiac Electrophysiology Experiment (MICEE): Standardised Reporting for Model Reproducibility, Interoperability, and Data Sharing Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2011 Jul 6 Epub. 2011 Oct 107(1):4-10. PMID 21745496, PMCID PMC3190048 (available on 2012/10/1)

Morita N, Lee JH, Bapat A, Fishbein MC, Mandel WJ, Chen P-S, Weiss JN, Karagueuzian HS. Glycolytic inhibition causes spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in aged hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;301:H180-191. PMID 21478408. PMCID PMC3302192

Nguyen BL, Li H, Fishbein MC, Lin S-F, Gaudio C, Chen P-S, Chen LS: Acute myocardial infarction induces bilateral stellate ganglia neural remodeling in rabbits. Cardiovasc Pathol, 2011 Oct 13. (Epub ahead of print). 2011 Oct 28. Epub ahead of print. PMID 22001051. PMCID PMC3267867 (available on 2013/4/13)

Kim D, Shinohara T, Joung B, Maruyama M, Choi E-K, On YK, Han S, Fishbein M, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Calcium dynamics and the mechanisms of atrioventricular junction rhythm. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:805-812. PMID: 20679733, PMCID 2952528

Zhang H, Joung B, Shinohara T, Xi M, Chen P-S, Lin S-F: Synergistic dual automaticity in sinoatrial node cell and tissue models. Circ J 2010;74:2079-88, PMCID 2952528

Shinohara T, Shen MJ, Han S, Maruyama M, Park H-W, Fishbein MC, Chen P-S, Lin S-F: Ca clock malfunction in a canine model of pacing-induced heart failure. Am J Physiol 2010; 299(6):H1805-11. PMID: 20889842, PMCID 3006277

Joung B, Shinohara T, Zhang H, Kim D, Choi E-K, On Y-K, Piccirillo G, Chen P-S, Lin S-F. Tachybradycardia in Isolated Canine Right Atrium induced by Chronic Sympathetic Stimulation and Pacemaker Current Inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2010, PMID: 20601460

Maruyama M, Joung B, Tang L, Shinohara T, On Y-K, Han S, Choi E-K, Kim D-H, Shen MJ, Weiss JN, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Diastolic intracellular calcium-membrane voltage coupling gain and postshock arrhythmias: role of Purkinje fibers and triggered activity. Circ Res, 2010;106:399-408; PMID 19926871, PMCID: PMC2818796

Han S, Joung B, Scanavacca M, Sosa E, Chen P-S: Electrophysiological characteristics of the Marshall bundle in humans. Heart Rhythm 2010, 7:786-93. Epub 2010 Feb 24. PMID: 20188860, NIHMS226794

Choi E-K, Shen MJ, Han S, Kim D, Hwang S, Sayfo S, Piccirillo G, Frick K, Fishbein MC, Hwang C, Lin S-F, Chen P-S. Intrinsic cardiac nerve activity and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmia in ambulatory dogs. Circulation. 2010;121:2615-23. Epub 2010 Jun 7. PMID: 20529998, PMCID: PMC2890034

Joung B, Lin S-F, Chen Z, Antoun PS, Maruyama M, Han S, Piccirillo G, Stucky M, Zipes DP, Chen P-S, Das MK: Mechanisms of sinoatrial node dysfunction in a canine model of pacing-induced atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2010;7:88-95, PMID: 19914141, NIHMS226778

Shinohara T, Joung B, Kim D, Maruyama M, Luk H-N, Chen P-S, Lin SF: Induction of atrial ectopic beats with calcium release inhibition: local hierarchy of automaticity in the right atrium. Heart Rhythm 2009;7:110-116, PMCID: PMC2818257

Ogawa M, Tan AY, Song J, Kobayashi K, Fishbein MC, Lin S-F, Chen LS, Chen P-S: Cryoablation of the stellate ganglia and atrial arrhythmia in ambulatory dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. Heart Rhythm 2009;6(12):1772-9 [Epub August 13, 2009], PMID 19959128, PMCID: PMC2805174

Morita N, Sovari A, Xie Y, Fishbein M, Mandel W, Garfinkel A, Lin S-F, Chen P-S, Xie L-H, Chen F, Qu Z, Weiss J, Karagueuzian H, Increased susceptibility of aged hearts to ventricular fibrillation during oxidative stress. Am J Physiol 2009;297(5):H1594-605 [Epub September 18, 2009], PMID: 19767530, PMCID: PMC2781379

Joung B, Tang L, Maruyama M, Han S, Chen Z, Stucky M, Jones LR, Fishbein MC, Weiss JN, Chen P-S, Lin S-F. Intracellular calcium dynamics and the acceleration of sinus rhythm by adrenergic stimulation. Circulation 2009; 119:788-796. PMID: 19188501, PMCID: PMC2735196

Cai L, Johnstone BH, Cook TG, Tan J, Fishbein MC, Chen PS, March KL: IFATS Series: Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Induce Angiogenesis and Nerve Sprouting Following Myocardial Infarction, in Conjunction with Potent Preservation of Cardiac Function. Stem Cells. 2009 Jan;27(1):230-7 [Epub September 4, 2008], PMID: 18772313, NIHMS200996

Benjamin EJ, Chen P-S, Bild DE, Mascette AM, Albert CM, Alonso A, Calkins H, Connolly SJ, Curtis AB, Darbar D, Ellinor PT, Go AS, Goldschlager N, Heckbert SR, Jalife J, Kerr CR, Levy D, Lloyd-Jones DM, Massie BM, Nattel S, Olgin JE, Packer DL, Po SS, Tsang TSM, Van Wagoner DR, Waldo AL, Wyse DG. Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2009; 119;606-618. PMID: 19188521, PMCID: PMC2635942

Piccirillo G, Ogawa M, Song J, Chong V, Joung B, Han S, Magri D, Chen L, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system activity measured directly in healthy dogs and dogs with tachycardia-induced heart failure. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:546-52; PMID: 19324318, PMCID: PMC2756782

Nguyen BL, Fishbein MC, Chen LS, Chen P-S, Masroor S: Histopathological substrate for chronic atrial fibrillation in humans. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:454-60, PMID: 19324302, PMCID: PMC2662134

Ogawa M, Morita N, Tang L, Karagueuzian H. S., Weiss J. M., Lin S-F, Chen P-S. Mechanisms of Recurrent Ventricular Fibrillation in a Rabbit Model of Pacing-Induced Heart Failure. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:784-92; PMID: 19467505, PMCID: PMC2752449

Kyle AM, Rogers PI, Han S, Chen P-S, March KL: LifeShirt acquisition system to monitor ECG from ambulatory pigs and the implementation of an arrhythmia detection algorithm. Proceedings of the 31th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, September 2-6, 2009, pp. 4820-23; PMID: 19963627; NIHMSID: 227026

Piccirillo G, Magri D, Ogawa M, Song J, Chong VJ, Han S, Joung B, Choi E-K, Hwang S, Chen LS, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Autonomic nervous system activity measured directly and QT-interval variability in normal and pacing-induced tachycardia heart failure dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54(9):840-50, PMID: 19695465, PMCID: PMC2756779

Zhou S, Jung BC, Tan AY, Trang VQ, Gholmieh G, Han S-W, Lin S-F, Fishbein MC, Chen P-S, Chen LS: Spontaneous stellate ganglion nerve activity and ventricular arrhythmia in a canine model of sudden death. Heart Rhythm 2008;5(1):131-9, PMID: 18055272

Tang L, Hwang G-S, Hayashi H,, Song J, Ogawa M, Kobayashi K, Joung B, Karagueuzian HS, Chen P-S and Lin S-F: Intracellular calcium dynamics at the core of endocardial stationary spiral waves in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Am J Physiol 2008;295:297-304 [Epub Apr 12, 2008] PMID:18487432, PMCID: PMC2494742

Tan A, Zhou S, Jung B, Ogawa M, Chen L, Fishbein M, Chen, P-S: Ectopic atrial arrhythmias arising from canine thoracic veins during in-vivo stellate ganglia stimulation. Am J Physiol 2008. 295(2):H691-8 [Epub 2008 Jun 6], PMID: 18539751, PMCID: PMC2519231

Tan AY, Zhou S, Ogawa M, Song J, Chu M, Li H, Fishbein MC, Lin S-F, Chen LS, Chen P-S: Neural mechanisms of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in ambulatory canines. Circulation 2008;118;916-925, PMID: 18697820, PMCID: PMC2742977

Hwang G-S, Tang L, Joung B, Morita N, Hayashi H, Karagueuzian HS, Weiss JN, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Superiority of biphasic over monophasic defibrillation shocks is attributable to less intracellular calcium transient heterogeneity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:828-35; PMID: 18755345, PMCID: PMC2573049

Hayashi H, Lin S-F, Joung B, Karagueuzian HS, Weiss JN, Chen P-S: Virtual electrodes and the induction of fibrillation in langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles: The role of intracellular calcium. Am J Physiol 2008;295:H1422-8 [Epub August 1, 2008] PMID: 18676691, PMCID: PMC2593494

Swissa M, Zhou S, Tan AY, Fishbein MC, Chen P-S, Chen LS.: Atrial sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve sprouting and hyperinnervation induced by subthreshold electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion in normal dogs. Cardiovasc Pathol 2008;17:303-308, PMID: 18692409

Liu, YB, Lee, YT, Pak, HN, Lin, SF, Fishbein, M, Chen, L, Merz C, Chen P-S: Effects of simvastatin on cardiac neural and electrophysiological remodeling in rabbits with hypercholesterolemia. Heart Rhythm 2009; 6:69-75 [Epub October 7,2008] PMID: 19121803, NIHMS145068, PMCID: PMC2757294

Zhou S, Tan AY, Paz O, Ogawa M, Chou C-C, Hayashi H, Nihei M, Fishbein MC, Chen LS, Lin S-F, Chen P-S: Antiarrhythmic effects of beta3-adrenergic receptor stimulation in a canine model of ventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm 2008;5:289-97 [Epub October 9, 2007] PMID: 18242556, PMCID: PMC2722709

Cha, Y-M; Oh, J; Miyazaki, Chinami; Hayes, D; Rea, Rt; Shen, W-K; Asirvatham, S; Kemp, B; Hodge, D; Chen, P-S; Chareonthaitawee, P: Cardiac resynchronization therapy up-regulates cardiac autonomic control. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008 [Epub May 8, 2008] PMID: 18479331, PMCID: PMC2756798

Chou C-C, Nguyen BL, Tan AY, Chang P-O, Lee H-L, Lin F-C, Yeh S-J, Fishbein MC, Lin S-F, Wu D, Wen M-S, Chen P-S: Intracellular calcium dynamics and acetylcholine-induced triggered activity in the pulmonary veins of dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. Heart Rhythm 2008;5:1170-7 [Epub Apr 12, 2008] PMID: 18554987, NIHMS131856, PMCID: PMC2760228

Wu TJ, Lin SF, Hsieh Y-C, Chen P-S, Ting C-T: Early recurrence of ventricular fibrillation after successful defibrillation during prolonged global ischemia in isolated rabbit hearts. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;19(2):203-210 [Epub October 4, 2007] PMID: 17916147

Arani AS, Zhu Y, Cheng Y-N, Lin SF, Chen P-S, Cheng C-K: Exploring cardioneural signal from noninvasive ECG measurement. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, IEEE BIBE 2007;1134-1138

Hayashi H, Kamanu SD, Ono N, Kawase A, Chou C-C, Weiss J, Karagueuzian HR, Lin SF, Chen P-S: Calcium transient dynamics and the mechanisms of ventricular vulnerability to single premature electrical stimulation in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. Heart Rhythm 2008;5:116-23 [Epub August 29, 2007] PMID: 18180025, PMCID: PMC2756777